ConeNozzleInjection.C

Go to the documentation of this file.

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     |
    \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
     \\/     M anipulation  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
    Copyright (C) 2015-2021 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
    This file is part of OpenFOAM.

    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
    for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include "ConeNozzleInjection.H"
#include "Function1.H"
#include "unitConversion.H"
#include "distributionModel.H"
#include "axisAngleRotation.H"

using namespace Foam::constant;


template<class CloudType>
const Foam::Enum
<
    typename Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::injectionMethod
>
Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::injectionMethodNames
({
    { injectionMethod::imPoint, "point" },
    { injectionMethod::imDisc, "disc" },
    { injectionMethod::imDiscSegments, "discSegments" },
});


template<class CloudType>
const Foam::Enum
<
    typename Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::flowType
>
Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::flowTypeNames
({
    { flowType::ftConstantVelocity, "constantVelocity" },
    { flowType::ftPressureDrivenVelocity, "pressureDrivenVelocity" },
    { flowType::ftFlowRateAndDischarge, "flowRateAndDischarge" },
});


// * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

template<class CloudType>
void Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::setInjectionGeometry()
{
    const auto& mesh = this->owner().mesh();

    // Position
    positionVsTime_.reset
    (
        Function1<vector>::New("position", this->coeffDict(), &mesh)
    );

    positionVsTime_->userTimeToTime(this->owner().time());

    if (positionVsTime_->constant())
    {
        position_ = positionVsTime_->value(0);
    }

    // Direction
    directionVsTime_.reset
    (
        Function1<vector>::New("direction", this->coeffDict(), &mesh)
    );

    directionVsTime_->userTimeToTime(this->owner().time());

    if (directionVsTime_->constant())
    {
        direction_ = directionVsTime_->value(0);
        direction_.normalise();

        Random& rndGen = this->owner().rndGen();

        // Determine direction vectors tangential to direction
        vector tangent = Zero;
        scalar magTangent = 0.0;

        while(magTangent < SMALL)
        {
            vector v = rndGen.globalSample01<vector>();

            tangent = v - (v & direction_)*direction_;
            magTangent = mag(tangent);
        }

        tanVec1_ = tangent/magTangent;
        tanVec2_ = direction_^tanVec1_;
    }
}


template<class CloudType>
void Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::setFlowType()
{
    switch (flowType_)
    {
        case flowType::ftConstantVelocity:
        {
            this->coeffDict().readEntry("UMag", UMag_);
            break;
        }
        case flowType::ftPressureDrivenVelocity:
        {
            Pinj_.reset
            (
                Function1<scalar>::New
                (
                    "Pinj",
                    this->coeffDict(),
                    &this->owner().mesh()
                )
            );
            Pinj_->userTimeToTime(this->owner().time());
            break;
        }
        case flowType::ftFlowRateAndDischarge:
        {
            Cd_.reset
            (
                Function1<scalar>::New
                (
                    "Cd",
                    this->coeffDict(),
                    &this->owner().mesh()
                )
            );
            Cd_->userTimeToTime(this->owner().time());
            break;
        }
        default:
        {
            FatalErrorInFunction
                << "Unhandled flow type "
                << flowTypeNames[flowType_]
                << exit(FatalError);
        }
    }
}


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

template<class CloudType>
Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::ConeNozzleInjection
(
    const dictionary& dict,
    CloudType& owner,
    const word& modelName
)
:
    InjectionModel<CloudType>(dict, owner, modelName, typeName),
    injectionMethod_
    (
        injectionMethodNames.get("injectionMethod", this->coeffDict())
    ),
    flowType_(flowTypeNames.get("flowType", this->coeffDict())),
    outerDiameter_(this->coeffDict().getScalar("outerDiameter")),
    innerDiameter_(this->coeffDict().getScalar("innerDiameter")),
    duration_(this->coeffDict().getScalar("duration")),
    positionVsTime_(nullptr),
    position_(Zero),
    injectorCell_(-1),
    tetFacei_(-1),
    tetPti_(-1),
    directionVsTime_(nullptr),
    direction_(Zero),
    omegaPtr_
    (
        Function1<scalar>::NewIfPresent
        (
            "omega",
            this->coeffDict(),
            &owner.mesh()
        )
    ),
    parcelsPerSecond_(this->coeffDict().getScalar("parcelsPerSecond")),
    flowRateProfile_
    (
        Function1<scalar>::New
        (
            "flowRateProfile",
            this->coeffDict(),
            &owner.mesh()
        )
    ),
    thetaInner_
    (
        Function1<scalar>::New
        (
            "thetaInner",
            this->coeffDict(),
            &owner.mesh()
        )
    ),
    thetaOuter_
    (
        Function1<scalar>::New
        (
            "thetaOuter",
            this->coeffDict(),
            &owner.mesh()
        )
    ),
    sizeDistribution_
    (
        distributionModel::New
        (
            this->coeffDict().subDict("sizeDistribution"),
            owner.rndGen()
        )
    ),
    t0_(this->template getModelProperty<scalar>("t0")),
    nInjectors_
    (
        this->coeffDict().template getOrDefault<scalar>("nInjectors", 1)
    ),
    Uinjector_(Zero),
    initialInjectorDir_
    (
        this->coeffDict().template getOrDefault<vector>
        (
            "initialInjectorDir",
            Zero
        )
    ),
    tanVec1_(Zero),
    tanVec2_(Zero),
    normal_(Zero),

    UMag_(0.0),
    Cd_(nullptr),
    Pinj_(nullptr)
{
    if (innerDiameter_ >= outerDiameter_)
    {
        FatalErrorInFunction
            << "Inner diameter must be less than the outer diameter:" << nl
            << "    innerDiameter: " << innerDiameter_ << nl
            << "    outerDiameter: " << outerDiameter_
            << exit(FatalError);
    }

    if (nInjectors_ < SMALL)
    {
        FatalIOErrorInFunction(this->coeffDict())
            << "Number of injectors in angular-segmented disc "
            << "must be positive" << nl
            << "    nInjectors: " << nInjectors_ << nl
            << exit(FatalIOError);
    }

    // Convert from user time to reduce the number of time conversion calls
    const Time& time = owner.db().time();
    duration_ = time.userTimeToTime(duration_);
    flowRateProfile_->userTimeToTime(time);
    thetaInner_->userTimeToTime(time);
    thetaOuter_->userTimeToTime(time);

    if (omegaPtr_)
    {
        omegaPtr_->userTimeToTime(time);
    }

    setInjectionGeometry();

    setFlowType();


    // Set total volume to inject
    this->volumeTotal_ = flowRateProfile_->integrate(0.0, duration_);

    updateMesh();
}


template<class CloudType>
Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::ConeNozzleInjection
(
    const ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>& im
)
:
    InjectionModel<CloudType>(im),
    injectionMethod_(im.injectionMethod_),
    flowType_(im.flowType_),
    outerDiameter_(im.outerDiameter_),
    innerDiameter_(im.innerDiameter_),
    duration_(im.duration_),
    positionVsTime_(im.positionVsTime_.clone()),
    position_(im.position_),
    injectorCell_(im.injectorCell_),
    tetFacei_(im.tetFacei_),
    tetPti_(im.tetPti_),
    directionVsTime_(im.directionVsTime_.clone()),
    direction_(im.direction_),
    omegaPtr_(im.omegaPtr_.clone()),
    parcelsPerSecond_(im.parcelsPerSecond_),
    flowRateProfile_(im.flowRateProfile_.clone()),
    thetaInner_(im.thetaInner_.clone()),
    thetaOuter_(im.thetaOuter_.clone()),
    sizeDistribution_(im.sizeDistribution_.clone()),
    t0_(im.t0_),
    nInjectors_(im.nInjectors_),
    Uinjector_(im.Uinjector_),
    initialInjectorDir_(im.initialInjectorDir_),
    tanVec1_(im.tanVec1_),
    tanVec2_(im.tanVec2_),
    normal_(im.normal_),
    UMag_(im.UMag_),
    Cd_(im.Cd_.clone()),
    Pinj_(im.Pinj_.clone())
{}


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

template<class CloudType>
void Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::updateMesh()
{
    // Set/cache the injector cell info for static methods
    if (positionVsTime_->constant())
    {
        position_ = positionVsTime_->value(0);

        this->findCellAtPosition
        (
            injectorCell_,
            tetFacei_,
            tetPti_,
            position_
        );
    }
}


template<class CloudType>
Foam::scalar Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::timeEnd() const
{
    return this->SOI_ + duration_;
}


template<class CloudType>
Foam::label Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::parcelsToInject
(
    const scalar time0,
    const scalar time1
)
{
    if ((time0 >= 0.0) && (time0 < duration_))
    {
        return floor((time1 - time0)*parcelsPerSecond_);
    }

    return 0;
}


template<class CloudType>
Foam::scalar Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::volumeToInject
(
    const scalar time0,
    const scalar time1
)
{
    if ((time0 >= 0.0) && (time0 < duration_))
    {
        return flowRateProfile_->integrate(time0, time1);
    }

    return 0.0;
}


template<class CloudType>
void Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::setPositionAndCell
(
    const label,
    const label,
    const scalar time,
    vector& position,
    label& cellOwner,
    label& tetFacei,
    label& tetPti
)
{
    Random& rndGen = this->owner().rndGen();
    const scalar t = time - this->SOI_;

    if (!directionVsTime_->constant())
    {
        direction_ = directionVsTime_->value(t);
        direction_.normalise();

        // Determine direction vectors tangential to direction
        vector tangent = Zero;
        scalar magTangent = 0.0;

        while(magTangent < SMALL)
        {
            vector v = rndGen.globalSample01<vector>();

            tangent = v - (v & direction_)*direction_;
            magTangent = mag(tangent);
        }

        tanVec1_ = tangent/magTangent;
        tanVec2_ = direction_^tanVec1_;
    }

    scalar beta = mathematical::twoPi*rndGen.globalSample01<scalar>();
    normal_ = tanVec1_*cos(beta) + tanVec2_*sin(beta);

    switch (injectionMethod_)
    {
        case injectionMethod::imPoint:
        {
            if (positionVsTime_->constant())
            {
                position = position_;
                cellOwner = injectorCell_;
                tetFacei = tetFacei_;
                tetPti = tetPti_;
            }
            else
            {
                position = positionVsTime_->value(t);

                // Estimate the moving injector velocity
                const vector position0(positionVsTime_->value(t0_));
                const scalar dt = t - t0_;
                if (dt > 0)
                {
                    Uinjector_ = (position - position0)/dt;
                }

                this->findCellAtPosition
                (
                    cellOwner,
                    tetFacei,
                    tetPti,
                    position
                );
            }
            break;
        }
        case injectionMethod::imDisc:
        {
            scalar frac = rndGen.globalSample01<scalar>();
            scalar dr = outerDiameter_ - innerDiameter_;
            scalar r = 0.5*(innerDiameter_ + frac*dr);

            position = positionVsTime_->value(t) + r*normal_;

            // Estimate the moving injector velocity
            const vector position0(positionVsTime_->value(t0_) + r*normal_);
            const scalar dt = t - t0_;
            if (dt > 0)
            {
                Uinjector_ = (position - position0)/dt;
            }

            this->findCellAtPosition
            (
                cellOwner,
                tetFacei,
                tetPti,
                position
            );
            break;
        }
        case injectionMethod::imDiscSegments:
        {
            // Calculate the uniform angular increment in radians
            const scalar angleIncrement = mathematical::twoPi/nInjectors_;

            // Randomly set the index of injector angles
            const label injectorIndex =
                rndGen.globalPosition<label>(0, nInjectors_ - 1);

            // Calculate the angle for the current injection
            const scalar angle = injectorIndex*angleIncrement;

            // Calculate the rotation tensor around an axis by an angle
            const tensor R
            (
                coordinateRotations::axisAngle::rotation
                (
                    direction_,
                    angle,
                    false  // radians
                )
            );

            // Compute a random radius between innerDiameter_ and outerDiameter_
            const scalar fraction = rndGen.globalSample01<scalar>();
            const scalar dr = outerDiameter_ - innerDiameter_;
            const scalar radius = 0.5*(innerDiameter_ + fraction*dr);

            // Rotate the initial direction to get the normal direction
            // for this injector
            normal_ = R & initialInjectorDir_;

            // Compute the particle's injection position
            const vector radialOffset(radius*normal_);
            position = positionVsTime_->value(t) + radialOffset;

            // Estimate the injector velocity if time has advanced
            const scalar dt = t - t0_;
            if (dt > 0)
            {
                const vector position0
                (
                    positionVsTime_->value(t0_) + radialOffset
                );
                Uinjector_ = (position - position0)/dt;
            }

            this->findCellAtPosition
            (
                cellOwner,
                tetFacei,
                tetPti,
                position
            );
            break;
        }
        default:
        {
            FatalErrorInFunction
                << "Unhandled injection method "
                << injectionMethodNames[injectionMethod_]
                << exit(FatalError);
        }
    }

    // Update the previous time step
    t0_ = t;
}


template<class CloudType>
void Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::setProperties
(
    const label parcelI,
    const label,
    const scalar time,
    typename CloudType::parcelType& parcel
)
{
    Random& rndGen = this->owner().rndGen();

    // Set particle velocity
    scalar t = time - this->SOI_;
    scalar ti = thetaInner_->value(t);
    scalar to = thetaOuter_->value(t);
    scalar coneAngle = degToRad(rndGen.sample01<scalar>()*(to - ti) + ti);

    scalar alpha = sin(coneAngle);
    scalar dcorr = cos(coneAngle);

    vector normal = alpha*normal_;
    vector dirVec = dcorr*direction_;
    dirVec += normal;
    dirVec.normalise();

    switch (flowType_)
    {
        case flowType::ftConstantVelocity:
        {
            parcel.U() = UMag_*dirVec + Uinjector_;
            break;
        }
        case flowType::ftPressureDrivenVelocity:
        {
            scalar pAmbient = this->owner().pAmbient();
            scalar rho = parcel.rho();
            scalar UMag = ::sqrt(2.0*(Pinj_->value(t) - pAmbient)/rho);
            parcel.U() = UMag*dirVec + Uinjector_;
            break;
        }
        case flowType::ftFlowRateAndDischarge:
        {
            scalar Ao = 0.25*mathematical::pi*outerDiameter_*outerDiameter_;
            scalar Ai = 0.25*mathematical::pi*innerDiameter_*innerDiameter_;
            scalar massFlowRate =
                this->massTotal()
               *flowRateProfile_->value(t)
               /this->volumeTotal();

            scalar Umag = massFlowRate/(parcel.rho()*Cd_->value(t)*(Ao - Ai));
            parcel.U() = Umag*dirVec + Uinjector_;
            break;
        }
        default:
        {
            FatalErrorInFunction
                << "Unhandled injection method "
                << flowTypeNames[flowType_]
                << exit(FatalError);
        }
    }


    if (omegaPtr_)
    {
        const scalar omega = omegaPtr_->value(t);

        const vector p0(parcel.position() - positionVsTime_->value(t));
        const vector r(p0 - (p0 & direction_)*direction_);
        const scalar rMag = mag(r);

        const vector d = normalised(normal_ ^ dirVec);

        parcel.U() += omega*rMag*d;
    }

    // Set particle diameter
    parcel.d() = sizeDistribution_->sample();
}


template<class CloudType>
bool Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::fullyDescribed() const
{
    return false;
}


template<class CloudType>
bool Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::validInjection(const label)
{
    return true;
}


template<class CloudType>
void Foam::ConeNozzleInjection<CloudType>::info()
{
    InjectionModel<CloudType>::info();

    if (this->writeTime())
    {
        this->setModelProperty("t0", t0_);
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //